With development of a human society everyone become closer than communication Persons with a nature. The work it masters natural resources more widely. For Rational using nature it is necessary to know terrestrial landscapes, feature Processes occurbing in an environment. Studying of a nature of the Earth - important Problem of a complex of methods of researches into which number today enters and Space shooting of the Earth. |
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Conditions of space shooting of the Earth in many respects are defined by assignment of pictures. To one expert the detailed picture is necessary, for another - survey, with generalized information about territory. On information space pictures many factors influence, one of which is the height of an orbit determining scale and visibility of a picture, in view of it is allocated seven levels of researches of the Earth from space:
1. Objective - separate buildings, industrial targets, the vehicles, the polluted sites around of buildings.
2. City - average and large settlements, their structure, pollution of the air and water pools, the occupied places, transport highways.
3. Regional - administrative area or some areas, land tenure, the centers of intensive anthropogenous activity and its consequence.
4. Regional - on information it is close to regional, in pictures there is a generalization of the information, generalization of the image of fine details and all appear large dominant features of district more clearly.
5. Regional - the most interesting level of use of space pictures. With their occurrence began possible to estimate the big territory of region at once. Thus regional structures of a relief, law of construction of a hydronetwork come to light. The big attention shown to this level of researches, speaks that, that it is closest as to applied territorially concrete works, and global general scientific natural researches.
6. Continental - allows to allocate continent as a part of planetary System of objects of an environment.
7. Global (a picture of a planetary disk) - completely new result of geographical researches. Even configuration of separate space pictures at desire to receive a uniform picture does not give such effect, as single shooting of a planetary disk simultaneously one chamber. Characteristics of recording system depend on its type and assignment. In space researches apply a photo and television cameras, scanners (devices to remote studying reflections of a terrestrial surface), radars, spectrographs and other recording systems. Each of them differs both on a design and management, and on information received materials. The most widespread now is the polyzonal chamber which may be both photographic, and television. It design, uniting in the uniform block some chambers or lenses. In the first case shooting is carried out on different a film, in the second - on one film. The important characteristic of the polyzonal chamber is the arrangement on a scale of a spectrum of its channels, their width and quantity.
The space stage of shooting of the Earth is finished by transfer of pictures on ground items where they are decoded. Photointerpretation is a recognition in a picture of the certain objects, an establishment of their quantitative and qualitative attributes. For photointerpretation pictures it is necessary to know technical and an environment of space shooting, time and date of it, and, certainly, to lead geographical binding the image.
Space pictures in the initial kind are used seldom. Are in most cases necessary results them photointerpretation. With this purpose space pictures go to those experts which work is connected with appropriate use of the satellite information. So occur geological, hydrological, town-planning and others photointerpretation circuits for which drawing up it is necessary to know system photointerpretation attributes of investigated objects.
